Evolving Antibodies Essay -- Biology

missing diagram Evolving Antibodies The immune system is an elegant system of defense against foreign invaders. It is able to successfully recognize and distinguish between thousands of different antigens. How is such complete recognition possible considering all the various structures foreign bodies may possess? How does the body produce antibodies specific enough to counter so many different pathogens? That is the subject of the recent research article, â€Å"Structural Insights into the Evolution of an Antibody Combining Site† (published in Science) by Gary J. Wedemayer, Phillip A. Patten, Leo H. Wang, Peter G. Schultz, and Raymond C. Stevens. This paper is dedicated to exploring and explaining (in lay terms), the research presented within this paper. To continue with the exploration, click on the forward arrow at the bottom of this page. To go to any point in the site instantly, click on the links at the bottom of the page. To return to the BLC homepage click on the backward arrow at the bottom of this page or on the link â€Å"BLC† at the bottom of the page. Words in orange represent glossary terms which may be looked up by clicking on the â€Å"Glossary† link at the bottom of the page. Words in yellow represent links to other pages within this site, while words in bright blue represent external links. As soon as a foreign molecule enters the human body, the immune system immediately takes over. The foreign body, also known as an antigen, can be anything from a harmless macromolecule to an infectious agent. The body sends B-cells with surface receptor proteins, known as antibodies, to bind to the antigens with the hope of inducing a specific immune response (see diagram below). Each B-cell has surface ... ...t. The binding potential of a specific antibody is greatly expanded by the ability of germ line antibodies to undergo further mutation and adopt more than one combining-site configuration. The results imply that there is an entirely new level of antigen recognition that takes place after the germ line antibody has bound to its antigen, and that this new level of recognition significantly increases the binding potential and effectiveness of the antibody. * References Wedmayer, Gary J., Phillup A. Pattern, Leo H. Wang, Peter G. Schultz, and Raymond C. Stevens. â€Å"Structural Insights into the Evolution of an Antibody Combining Site.† Science 13 June 1997: 166-1669. Raven, Peter H., and George B. Johnson. Biology: Fourth Edition. Dubuque, IA: Wm. C. Publishers, 1996. Kuby, Janis. Immunology: Second Edition. New York: W.H. Freedman and Company, 1994.

The emperor jones the cabinet of Dr. Caligari

The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari (1919) is a classic illustration of expressionist technique in film. The film production is about the disturbed Dr. Caligari. The stark distorted set, as a projection of his insane views, askew angles of vision and hypnotic acting enhances the portrayal of madness in this film. The Emperor Jones, a play by Eugene O'Neill, tells the saga of an African American man who sets himself up as emperor in a Caribbean Island. The film has been cited as an influence on several artistic expressions, including films, music and, among others, theatrical plays. O’Neill express in a letter â€Å"†¦planning for a new latitude in screen expression. I saw Caligari and it sure opened my eyes to wonderful possibilities I had never dreamed of before†. The main difference in the expression techniques used is, by their own nature, the presence of dialogues. Caligari was a silent film while the play is based on strong and powerful dialogue and interplay between characters, which often seem to be an extension of Jones’s inner demons. In this play there are three major aspects that O’Neill seems to have picked from the film. The internal tribulations of The Emperor are offered on stage where Jones’s expressionism is restricted to the scenes with Jones alone in them. The second aspect was the significance of setting design as a way to generate meaning in the theatre. Visuals in a play could be as important as dialogue. And the third way in which Caligari seems to influence O’Neill is through the lighting effects in the film.

Marketing Communication Ethics - 5188 Words

ETHICS IN MARKETING COMMUNICATION As well as the entire business world, marketing has its own ethics problems. Numerous marketing specialists or their representatives have consciously declared and adopted different engagements, declarations or codes of rules regarding the necessity that marketing people consider ethics regulations and values, so that they become much more responsible towards the members of society. These declarations or rules concern marketing practices in their ensemble or are guided towards certain specific fields. Among these fields, a special place is occupied by marketing communication, which has to be guided by ethical regulations and moral values. Key words: ethics, regulation, marketing, communication,†¦show more content†¦Although not all companies can assume social responsibilities, there are numerous fields in which organisations are approaching the way in which they understand and get involved in this kind of activities (for example, Kraft Foods company, with the program â€Å"Together for children†, having as an objective improving treatment and hospitalising conditions for children in Romania, ProcterGamble company with the program â€Å"Live, Learn and Develop yourself†, having as goal helping children in need for support, JTI Romania, Vodafone etc., companies that either initiate or support different activities and programs of social responsibility). Of course that the decision for organisations to get involved in different activities of social responsibility belongs firstly to the managers of these organisations, respectively to those that choose the way and modality of action, starting with th eir own conscious, because, in fact, â€Å"†¦the only guiding direction for a straight, correct conduct is the irrefutably strong common sense or moral common sense feeling and our power to action on its basis as an initiative† (Ionescu, 2006). As the entire business world, marketing reveals its own ethics problems. In conditions of high business velocity, in the context of a continuouslyShow MoreRelatedEthics in Marketing Communication1082 Words   |  5 PagesEthical Challenges in Marketing Communication Ethics play an integral role in the development and sustenance of any personal or business relationship. Ethics determine the acceptable behaviors within a society and the overall behaviors of a business. Marketers must understand the impact ethics have on marketing communications and develop Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) strategies accordingly. This paper will discuss various ethical challenges facing marketers today, identify internalRead MoreMarketing Communication Objective2641 Words   |  11 PagesMarketing communication objective Planning is everything when it comes to measuring your success. If you fail to plan, it’s like a sailboat in the middle of the ocean without sails; you have no clue in which direction you will be sailing. This is why developing a  marketing communication objective  is paramount to your marketing success. What is  marketing communications  without having an objective? After all, an objective is the goal intended to be attained, which should be attainable and can be measuredRead MoreWhat are Marketing Ethics?1545 Words   |  7 PagesDefinition of Marketing Ethics Marketing Ethics are the basic principles and values that govern the business practices of those engaged in promoting products or services to consumers. These are a set of criterion by which moral principles are considered within the marketing profession and execution of an advertising campaign for a business and/or organization. Marketing Ethics in Global Marketing Practice In recent years, owing to the internationalization of markets, businesses and production processesRead MoreEssay on Codes of Practice1513 Words   |  7 PagesEthics and values apply to our personal and professional lives. Ethics are a notion of one’s actions, which originates from ideology of an individual doing what is right not wrong. According to the dictionary ethics is the â€Å"branch of philosophy dealing with values relating to human conduct, with respect to the rightness and wrongness of certain actions and to the goodness and badness of the motives and ends of such actions.† These beliefs are amassed to help a person determine how their actions willRead MoreEthical Issues With Ethical Marketing Essay1333 Words   |  6 PagesIssues with Ethical Marketing Ethical problems in marketing starts with conflicts and disagreements. Each party in the marketing transaction brings expectations of how the business relationship will exist and how the transaction should be conducted. Some ethical problems in marketing research aren’t always the invasion of privacy and stereotyping. Selective marketing is used to discourage the demand from undesirable markets or just by disenfranchising them altogether. Examples of unethical marketRead MoreEthical Issues for Advertising Tobacco Products Across1129 Words   |  5 PagesDetermines the suitable marketing practices * Allows for theory of norms and values SCT captures two different types of social contracts- hypothetical and actual contracts used in living communities. It is the foundation of rules within communities with two assumptions: * Individuals join the contract that means individuals realize and care about morals and values of these components. * It can be assumed that global members would have responsibilities with ethics, through the recognitionRead MoreIs Marketing Ethical And Ethical?1158 Words   |  5 PagesIs Marketing Ethical? The purpose of this paper is to discuss whether or not Marketing is ethical. The flow of this paper will present a brief discussion on the definition of marketing, a brief discussion on the definition of ethics, and overview of the marketing process, and finally a narrative that discusses my view on whether or not marketing is ethical. WHAT IS MARKETING? According to the Kotler text, marketing is the process by which companies create value for customers and build strong customerRead MoreThe Ethics Of Business Ethics1349 Words   |  6 PagesBusiness ethics can be defined as the critical examination of how people and institutions should behave in the world of commerce. There are many subcategories that we may look into when speaking of business ethics, in this essay I will be writing about advertising ethics. Advertising is practically unavoidable in today s world, we see it in the streets, shops, magazines, television, on the internet, hear it on the radio. In this essay I will describe two ethical issues in advertising, show why businessRead MoreMarketing and Strategic Elements1031 Words   |  5 Pagesengage in marketing efforts? While non-profit organizations differ from profit seeking firms in several ways, non-profit organizations need to engage in marketing efforts to generate financial revenue to support their causes. All businesses need marketing plans to generate revenue and measure results. In non-profit businesses, community service target levels and education service target levels can be used to measure results. Unlike profit seeking organizations that focus on marketing solely toRead MorePerformance Indicators For Evaluation System806 Words   |  4 PagesEVALUATION SYSTEM Company establishes key performance indicators for evaluation system. The actual performance of marketing activities is comparing the set objectives. The key performance indicators are:- †¢ Overall sales of products in all the countries of world. †¢ Brand image †¢ Product innovation and improved existing products. †¢ Consumer feedback †¢ Rate of growth and increasing market share. Company should follow following monitoring system:- *Responsibility control centres :- It is sub unit

Tips On Online Casino Bonuses - 1126 Words

Tips on How to Get the Most Online Casino Bonuses One of the biggest drawcards offered at online casinos are the bonuses and promotions offered to incentivise new and existing casino players. Many of the best, most reputable online casinos offer new and often lucrative one-off and ongoing bonuses for which players can take advantage. Most casinos do this to attract new players and keep existing players interested and playing for longer. While most online casinos offer bonuses of some degree, some stand out more than others do. Online bonuses are ideal for players looking to gain extra rewards in the form of credits, cash or even free spins and more. Our comprehensive guide will help you to land the best casinos bonuses while playing at online casinos. Where to find big online casino bonuses These days, finding an online casino with impressive bonuses is a pretty simple task. You can do a simple Google search, and the results will astound you. Additionally, many online casino review sites offer expert recommendations and options literally at your fingertips. These sites will offer you their extensive list of the best online casinos, the best online casino bonuses and even news and strategies on how to win. To get a better understanding of what bonuses you should aim for, let s start with the most common online casino bonuses available. These include: Sign-up or Welcome Bonus Match Bonus Deposit/No Deposit Bonus Free Spins Bonus Refer-a-Friend Bonus Loyalty Bonus Many ofShow MoreRelatedOnline Casino Bonuses? Then Keep Reading !1732 Words   |  7 PagesBlog 22 – Want to know more about online casino bonuses? Then keep reading! Not a day goes by when speculation about the online casino gaming industry isn’t running rampant. Every player is looking for the next loophole to exploit in order to make his or her playing efforts more profitable. However, the easiest way to make more money when it comes to online casino gaming doesn’t require a player to be a master exploiter, all it requires is a touch of education and a little bit of effort. HelpingRead MoreArticle On Online Casino Bonuses1862 Words   |  8 PagesArticle 13 – Your casino bonus questions answered Odds are you’ve been living under a rock if you haven’t come across at least one casino bonus advertisement as of late. They are sold to players as free money and the perfect tool to start gambling online with. While they can be that when used properly, in some instances online casino bonuses can be a little confusing, especially to new players. The following answers those regularly asked questions and explains casino bonuses in more detail. HowRead MoreArticle 42 - Live Casinos Vs. Land Based Casinos2456 Words   |  10 PagesArticle 42 - Live casinos vs. land-based casinos One is the new age of casino gaming, while the other is classic casino gaming at its finest. Live casinos and land-based casinos definitely divide opinion amongst gamblers, but which is better? In today’s digital age can land-based casinos really compete? Have live casinos made them irrelevant? Land-based casinos They have been around for over 100 years and have even been the subject of several Hollywood blockbusters. When you think of The MirageRead MoreHow I Made Money From My Online Casino Experience Essay1856 Words   |  8 PagesBlog 11 - How I made money from my online casino experience For most, gambling is somewhat of older person’s thing to do, but for me matters were a touch different. Being in the UK I was able to start gambling the moment I turned 18 and that is exactly what I did. I was pretty much hooked from the get go too, as I tried my hand at sports betting to start with. When I finally got the gambling ball rolling, it was sports betting that I invested my time into, as I saw my cash as â€Å"throwaway funds† atRead MoreReview : World s First Online Casino Gaming Networks Essay1169 Words   |  5 PagesGeneral Information One of the world’s first online casinos, Casino.com, also happens to be one of the biggest. Offering tons of games from Playtech and huge bonuses, Casino.com certainly lives up to its remarkable and highly sought after domain name. Part of the Mansion Group, one of the world’s largest online casino gaming networks, Casino.com joins the ranks of several other well-known, big-name, high-rolling brands. Having been available online for over ten years, Casino.com knows how to treatRead MoreNo Deposit Bonus Essay851 Words   |  4 Pagesmake a no deposit casino bonus work for you Online casinos will almost always give you some kind of a bonus or deal for signing up, with that just being the nature of the beast in the industry these days. The kind of bonus they offer is a great barometer for measuring how they treat their customers in a general sense. In addition, they also let you sample a casino without risking your own finances beforehand. As you can imagine, finding a good casino no deposit bonus or mobile casino no deposit bonusRead MoreRaising Your Game With These Professional Casino Tips2397 Words   |  10 PagesArticle 4 - Raise your game with these professional casino tips Myths and rumours go hand in hand when it comes to online casinos. The feeling that the games against you or your lucks not in because of ulterior powers is something that every gambler feels at least once in their life. Let me tell you now, success is not something that is predetermined, it comes about through skill. The following are online casino tips direct from the professionals that can help you raise your game and banish awayRead MoreTips On Online Casino Bonus2079 Words   |  9 Pagesstretch your online casino bonus While it seems like there are countless welcome bonus and sign-up offers available to players, once one is claimed at an online casino that’s it. At each online casino you register at you get one welcome bonus and no more. That means that when an online casino bonus lands in your account the key is to making last as long as possible. While this seems easy enough, it tends to be tougher than most people realise. If you really want to see your online casino bonus lastRead MoreHot Casino Promotions At Warm Up Your Cold August Nights1777 Words   |  8 PagesBlog 4 – Hot casino promotions to warm up your cold November nights The temperatures are plummeting and the snow is blowing through, so by the looks of things winter is definitely upon us. As the streets ice over, it is a different story within the landscape of online casino gaming. In fact, when it comes to bonuses and promotions, things are heating up more than they ever have before. During 2015 it seems that the industries biggest and brightest have been gearing up for a memorable November. NextRead MoreMovie Review : Chewing Gum For The Eyes By Frank Lloyd Wright1720 Words   |  7 Pagesvariety of different mediums. Not missing out on the all the adaptation fun, the online casino industry has stepped up as a popular platform for licensees to take advantage of. Online slot games were once described as â€Å"chewing gum for the eyes† by Frank Lloyd Wright due to the ease of entertainment they provide, with more players getting their fix of such entertainment in 2016 more than ever. Next time you visit an online casino portal, settle in f or a night in front of the small screen and give these TV

Drugs and Addiction Essay - 2032 Words

The drugs that fascinate man most – the ones that inspire us to poetry or drive us to murder – are those that affect the brain and the spinal cord on which it rests. Some of the first drugs used were said to have been used in link to religion and superstition. Some of these drugs include alcohol, caffeine, nicotine, ether, procaine, LSD, marijuana, cocaine, and heroine. The list of the amount of drugs known to man is almost endless, and there are constantly new drugs being invented or discovered in the things we see around us every day. Within the decades to come, there could be five times as many drugs as there are in today’s day. From a medical standpoint, drugs were only to be used in the medical field. Medicines are drugs that are†¦show more content†¦This is only temporary and leaves you lower than before, and will eventually completely destroy the creativity a person has. If you do not use medicines as they are meant to be used, they can be just as dangerous as illegal drugs. One false idea of drugs is that they are okay and can’t be considered harmful if they are legal. Drugs that are legal can in fact have worse effects than some illegal drugs. An estimated 208 million people internationally consume illegal drugs (The Truth About Drugs). In a survey in 2007, it was shown that 19.9 million Americans (or eight percent of the population aged twelve or older) used illegal drugs in the month prior to the survey (The Truth About Drugs). Young people today are being exposed to drugs earlier than ever before in recorded surveys. In 2007, forty-five percent of high school students nationwide drank alcohol and nineteen percent smoked pot during a one-month period (The Truth About Drugs). The percent has drastically gone up since then. In countries where alcohol and marijuana are legal and available at younger ages, teens are moving on to much harder drugs at earlier ages. Things like this are leading to higher addiction rates to drugs around the world. What is addiction? Addiction is anything that can cause you to become dependent on the object of abuse, and is also considered a disease. Addiction is a voluntary behavior that can be broken,Show MoreRelatedAddiction : Drugs And Addiction947 Words   |  4 Pages Addiction is a problem that’s very prevalent in our society. Considering that drugs and alcohol are being introduced to kids in middle school, this isn’t that surprising. We as a society constantly bombarded with talks about the â€Å"war on drugs† and addiction. There are constant conversations about what should and shouldn’t be legal and what addiction really means. Is addiction in the head, or is it something a person chooses? Should we help or punish people with addictions. Everyone has opinion,Read MoreDrug Addiction and Drugs1219 Words   |  5 PagesDrugs Addiction Miami Beach Senior High Ashley Gonzalez Ms. Cooper/Mr.Sussman English II-Period Three 06 March 2013 Drugs Addiction Topic and Thesis Statement Miami Beach Senior High Topic: Drugs Thesis Statement: In an examination of drugs I will discuss causes of this disease/or social dilemma. I will also discuss the effect of drugs on individuals, families and society. Read MoreThe Drug Of Drug Addiction Essay1270 Words   |  6 Pagesmy older brother struggle with drug addiction has taught me more in my life than anything else. He was a smart kid with a good head on his shoulders.   As he grew older he made some unwise choices with regard to substance abuse that quickly turned into a full blown addiction lasting over five years and landed him in and out of four different rehabs.   He was striving to get clean, but every time he took one step forward he fell three steps back.   Taylor entered Drug Court, after finding himself inRead MoreDrug Addiction : Drugs And Drugs1017 Words   |  5 Pages In today’s society, it is now normal to know somebody who has a drug addiction especially to opiates. A drug addiction is a mental disorder that the person can no longer control their actions. The person addicted to the drug will no longer care about the outcome of their actions as long as they can get that high they are seeking. **from text book pg. 303** â€Å"Opioids are classified as narcotics- strongly addictive drugs that have pain relieving and sleep-inducing properties. Opioids include both naturallyRead MoreDrug Addiction : Drugs And Heroin Addiction1130 Words   |  5 PagesThe arguments for whether or not to prescribe heroin to treat heroin addictions are controversial. Henden and Baeroe (2015) state both sides of the arguments being that some believe â€Å"it is in the nature of heroin addiction for individuals to lose their ability to resist their desire for heroin,† which knowing the nature of chemical dependency, heroin addicts would not refuse any heroin, so it still possibly an invalid consent to research participation as they did not have a free choice to reallyRead MoreDrug Addiction : Drugs And Drugs Essay744 Words   |  3 PagesWhen people first hear the word drug, they think of illicit drugs such as cocaine and methamphetamine. They also think about the user and sometimes why they use. O ne thing that is overlooked by the public is the treatment programs that are available to drug users. There is a stigma in our society around drug use that is very negative. Many believe that people that do drugs do them just to do them and even if this is true in some cases, no one wakes up one morning and decides that today is the dayRead MoreDrug Addiction : Drugs And Drugs1599 Words   |  7 PagesDrug Addiction Drugs is one of the biggest problems that the world has. It is everywhere in the world and it is one of the most common problems that the government wants to overcome. Many people have become addicted and that’s one of the many causes why many of the drug addicts lose their families. Having an addiction takes time to control within yourself. There are centers of rehabilitation that are very helpful and could show how to overcome a drug addiction. Getting help from others can by helpfulRead MoreDrug Addiction : Drugs And Drugs1363 Words   |  6 PagesDrug Addiction According to National Institute on Drug Abuse, iIn 2013, a survey reported that an estimated 24.6 million Americans aged 12 or older had used an illegal drug in the past month. The first time someone uses a drug, it is usually voluntary. This first use is usually to mask certain emotions that they are currently going through. Repeated use can lead to changes in the brain that challenge an addict’s self control and interfere with their ability to resist the temptation of a drug, thisRead MoreDrug Addiction1074 Words   |  5 PagesDrug Addiction Drug abuse is an increasing epidemic in today’s society. There are so many types of drugs being abused today, both legal and illegal. These drugs affect the human body in many different ways. Drug abuse can lead to addiction. â€Å"Drug addiction involves the repeated and excessive use of a drug to produce pleasure or escape reality despite its destructive effects† (â€Å"Environmental Health Perspectives,† 2005). Drug addicts believe that drugs are necessary for them to have a feelingRead MoreDrug Addictions802 Words   |  4 Pagesof the states, is facing drug problems. This state is considered one of the deadliest drug epidemics in American history. There are two types of drugs mentioned in the article. One of them is opioid. An opioid is a substitute for morphine and widely used. According to the statistics, 500 people had died from an overdose in 2005. In 2013, the numbers soared from 500 deaths to 2,700. Another drug(s) is known as synthetic opioids. Fentanyl and Carfentanil are the two drugs mention by Phil Plummer,

Committee on Homeland Security †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Committee on Homeland Security. Answer: Introduction Failures in civil engineering works and related structures have culminated into serious destruction of property and massive loss of lives and are a phenomenon that still lives with us[1]. Just like any other professional fields, civil engineering is not left behind in experiencing failures of systems. In as much as civil engineering does not give a lot of room for errors besides the best efforts of its professionals, it still experiences errors that lead to loss of billions of dollars by the government and individuals resulting from destruction of property. In the design of any engineering structures, special and utmost attention should be given to the determination of the greatest magnitude of any given form of load that can successfully be applied to a structure without the structure failing[2]. In so doing it would be possible to estimate the safety factor against the failure. By 2005, reports indicated there were numerous floodwalls and levees failures that protected New Orleans and its surrounding resulting from the passage of Hurricane Katrina[3]. The New Orleans levee system project was designed and constructed by the United States Army Corps of Engineers while the maintenance was done by the local levee boards. Upon completion of the construction, the Corps handed over the project to the local levee board. The project was 90% completed at the time it started experiencing failures. Investigations were done by a team of experts that mainly consisted of civil engineers to establish the root cause of the failure[4]. All the investigators came to a consensus that the failure resulted from inadequate design and construction of the floodwalls and levee system by the Corps of Engineers. The engineers were found to have breached a number of term and conditions as outlined in the Orleans Parish[5]. Improper design of the canal floodwalls at London Avenue Canal, 17th Street Canal and Industrial Canal( located on the east side north) was the primary cause of the failure of these canals.[1] Overtopping of floodwalls and levees by the surge of the storm was the failure mechanism of for the Industrial Canal while 10% of sand in place of thick Louisiana clay for the levees that protected the New Orleans of the east was the primary cause of failure on this end. Negligent maintenance of the Gulf Outlet of River Mississippi resulted into overtopping of the levees that protected St. Bernard Parish hence resulting into failure[2]. Flooding of the Gentility neighborhood and the Lakeview neighborhood were also as a result of oversights from the Corps Engineers who were responsible for the design and construction of the levees and floodwalls. The team of engineers had two oversights. One of the oversights was an overestimation of the strength of soil during the design of the l-walls and the canal levees[5]. This meant that the strength of the soil that was used in the calculations of the design was higher than the strength that really existed near and under the levee at the time of Hurricane Katrina. This resulted in a destructive data interpretation since the soil that was underneath the levee was weaker than that which was applied in the design of the l-walls[7]. Failure to consider the chances of a gap filled with water in the design of the 17th Street Canal was yet another critical engineering oversight[6]. The gap filled with water emerged to be one of the fundamental causes of the failure of the canal. From research and analysis it was found that with the water-filled gap in place, the safety factor was reduced by approximately 30 percent. Having used a safety factor of 1.3 in the design and a decrease by 30 percent, then the safety factor would reduce to almost one which is basically a recipe for complete failure. The engineers misjudged the peat strength which was from the swamp remains on which some parts of the New Orleans were constructed. Borings of soil indicated that peat layer started at around 9.1 m under the surface and ranged from approximately 1.5 m to 6.1 m in thickness[7]. The peat had very high water content and very low shear strength from the investigations that were carried out. As a result of the weak strength of the soil, the floodwall became very susceptible and vulnerable to the stresses that were caused by the large flood. The movement of water through the underneath soil and as the pressure of the water built up, the moving water overpowered the strength of the soil hence a sudden shift and carrying with it all the materials including the wall[5]. The Hurricane Katrina Levee and floodwalls failure resulted in 1118 losses of lives and 135 other people reported missing. Residential property worth $21 billion was damaged and the government had to undertake another $6.7 billion for the repair and maintenance of public infrastructure that was as well destroyed. Over 124000 people lost their jobs: employees who were either directly or indirectly employed to work on the in the structure[6]. Conclusion Complex technical issues must be taken into account when a civil engineering project fails as a result of structural disasters. This should be done with utmost concern given to life and safety[3]. The failure of Hurricane Katrina levees and floodwalls was purely a responsibility of the United States Army Corps of Engineers. It is for this note that it is important for civil engineers to ensure no room is left for any errors be it in the design or construction stages. While most of the failures in civil engineering would be demotivating at the first glance, they are finally used as an inspiration that initiates improvements in future designs and construction. From the failures, engineers get a clue on what needs to be improved in order to generate safe structures. The errors made in the previous projects are used as the baseline of improvement aimed at enhancing and improving the safety of both human beings and their property. Determination of the factor of safety in any structure on the verge of failure is fundamental in any design and construction of engineering structures. References Tiffany E. Adams, Stability of Levees and Floodwalls Supported by Deep-mixed Shear Walls: Five Case Studies in the New Orleans Area, 4th ed., Tiffany E. Adams, Ed. Chicago, USA: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 2015, pp 184-194. Committee on Environment and Public Works, Evaluate the degree to which the preliminary findings on the failure of the levees are being incorporated into the restoration of hurricane protection: hearing before the Committee on Environment and Public Works, United States Senate, One Hundred Ninth C, 1st ed., Committee on Environment and Public Works, Ed. Washington, USA: U.S. G.P.O, 2012, pp 156-198. Sandra L. Dwyer, Critical Thinking: The Art of Argument, 2nd ed., Sandra L. Dwyer, Ed. London, UK: Cengage Learning, 2014, pp 568-569. Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, Hurricane Katrina: A Nation Still Unprepared : Special Report of the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, United States Senate, Together with Additional Views, 3rd ed., Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, Ed. Washington, USA: Government Printing Office, 2016, pp 896-1005. United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, Hurricane Katrina: A Nation Still Unprepared : Special Report of the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, United States Senate, Together with Additional Views, United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, Ed. New York, USA: Government Printing Office, 2010, pp 958-968. United States. Army. Corps of Engineers, Inner Harbor Navigation Canal Lock Replacement Project, Orleans Parish: Environmental Impact Statement, Volume 6, 4th ed., United States. Army. Corps of Engineers, Ed. New York, USA: United States. Army. Corps of Engineers, 2011, pp 129-135. Adams Teffer, A Failure of Initiative: Final Report of the Select Bipartisan Committee To Investigate the Preparation for and Response to Hurricane Katrina, February 15, 2006, 6th ed., Adams Teffer, Ed. London, UK: Government Printing Office, 2013, pp 661-700. Newton-Matza, Floodplain Management in the United States: An Assessment Report : Volume 1 Summary, 3rd ed., Newton-Matza, Ed. New Delhi, Australia: Floodplain Management in the United States: An Assessment Report : Volume 1 Summary, 2012, pp 236-258.

Did you ever want something but couldnt afford it Essay Example For Students

Did you ever want something but couldnt afford it Essay ? Theshort stories, The Gift of the Magi and The Necklace, dealwith two womens struggles to make someone else happy and howfulfilling your own wants can hurt you. The difference betweenthese stories is how when push came to shove, the way thecharacters chose to spend their money. These two interesting and ironic stories revolve around onemain character. They both try to make their lives or someone elseslife better by using money. In The Gift of the Magi, the main character, Delladesperately wants to buy a perfect gift for her husband. Unfortunately, she is poor and cannot afford to buy him a gift. This makes Della very unhappy. Finally, she decides to have herlong, beautiful hair cut off for money. With the money, she buys agolden fob chain for her husbands most prized possession, whichis a pocket watch. The ironic thing in this story is that her husbandsold the watch so that he would have money to buy her combs forher hair. They both sacrificed themselves for gifts for each other. On the other hand, in The Necklace, the main character, amiddle class woman named Madame Loisel is selfish, greedy, andan uncaring woman. Although she is beautiful, she only caresabout money. In the story, she and her husband are invited to aparty. She has her husband spend the 400 francs he has saved for agun, on a dress she wants to wear to the ball. She also wantssomething beautiful to go with her dress, so she borrows agorgeous necklace from a friend. Madame Loisel was the hit of the party. At the end of thenight, she discovered she had lost the necklace. Madame and herhusband take out loans so that they could buy a replacement andspent the next ten years paying it off. Madame was forced to work,which made Madame Loisels looks deteriorate. Finally, at the end,we find out the necklace she lost was worthless. So, by reading these two stories, I found out how money cancontrol and change people. Some people can use it for others andsome for themselves. If youre not careful, money can backfire inyour face.